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#Startx vs xinit how to
#Startx vs xinit serial

Valerie Quercia + Tim O'Reilly, X Window System User's Guide, O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., USA, 1993.

On desktop Linux systems, a display manager is the most commonly used method. Two alternative methods for starting an X display server are by using a display manager and by starting the X server and then manually starting one or more clients. Typically, this script runs a number of programs and a window manager. In general, xinit and startx can start an arbitrary server and run an arbitrary script. When the xterm terminates, xinit and startx kill the X display server. The startx script is a front-end for xinit.īy default, xinit and startx start an X display server pointing to a display device that is enumerated as :0 and then start an xterm on it. The xinit program allows a user to manually start an X display server. With this method you need to set each application's window geometry through its own configuration files (if possible at all). For example:Īlternatively the binary can be called directly from the command prompt as described in #Override xinitrc. It is possible to start only specific applications without a window manager, although most likely this is only useful with a single application shown in full-screen mode. $ startx ~/.xinitrc session Starting applications without a window manager # No known session, try to run it as command

#Startx vs xinit how to

The following example shows how to start a particular desktop environment or window manager with an argument: If you are frequently switching between different desktop environments or window managers, it is convenient to either use a display manager or expand ~/.xinitrc to make the switching possible. Switching between desktop environments/window managers Tip: This method can be combined with automatic login to virtual console. See also Fish#Start X at login and Systemd/User#Automatic login into Xorg without display manager. If you want to take the risk and remain logged in when the X session ends, remove exec. The exec command ensures that the user is logged out when the X server exits, crashes or is killed by an attacker.

#Startx vs xinit serial

You can replace the -eq comparison with one like -le 3 (for vt1 to vt3) if you want to use graphical logins on more than one virtual terminal.Īlternative conditions to detect the virtual terminal include "$(tty)" = "/dev/tty1", which does not allow comparison with -le, and "$(fgconsole 2>/dev/null || echo -1)" -eq 1, which does not work in serial consoles. ~/.bash_profile for Bash or ~/.zprofile for Zsh): Place the following in your login shell initialization file (e.g. Make sure that startx is properly configured. See also #Starting applications without a window manager and Running program in separate X display. Tip: This can be used to start regular GUI programs but without any of the basic window manager features. See Xserver(1) for a list of all command line options. Therefore it is recommended to specify vt$XDG_VTNR in the ~/.xserverrc file:Įxec /usr/bin/Xorg -nolisten tcp vt$XDG_VTNR In order to maintain an authenticated session with logind and to prevent bypassing the screen locker by switching terminals, Xorg has to be started on the same virtual terminal where the login occurred. In general, xinit and startx can start an arbitrary server and run an arbitrary script. Both startx and xinit execute ~/.xserverrc if it exists, startx will use /etc/X11/xinit/xserverrc otherwise.

The xserverrc file is a shell script responsible for starting up the X server. Prepending exec will replace the script process with the window manager process, so that X does not exit even if this process forks to the background. Note that some programs should instead not be forked, to avoid race bugs, as is the case of xrdb. Otherwise, the script would halt and wait for each program to exit before executing the window manager or desktop environment.

Long-running programs started before the window manager, such as a screensaver and wallpaper application, must either fork themselves or be run in the background by appending an & sign. Note: At the very least, ensure that the last if block in /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc is present in your ~/.xinitrc file to ensure that the scripts in /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d are sourced.